Many people drink coffee on an empty stomach to feel more energized and alert. Although caffeine can have some positive side effects, such as boosting energy levels, it can also cause negative effects when consumed on an empty stomach, including acid reflux, indigestion, and elevated cortisol (the stress hormone). However, not everyone experiences these side effects to the same extent, so it’s important to listen to your body and figure out what works for you.
Acid Reflux: According to a study, when coffee is consumed without food in the stomach, it weakens the barrier between the stomach and esophagus. This allows the stomach’s acid to move back into the esophagus, which can lead to symptoms like indigestion, nausea, and heartburn. Those who experience these issues can try drinking their coffee with food or opting for a different caffeinated beverage, such as tea.
Mood Swings: In addition to disrupting blood sugar levels, coffee can lead to mood swings, anxiety, and insomnia in some individuals, especially when consumed on an empty stomach. Those who are sensitive to these effects can opt for eating before drinking their coffee, or adding milk and creamer, which will help decrease the acidity of the beverage.
Elevated Cortisol: While it’s true that caffeine can increase the production of cortisol, which is a steroid hormone produced by the adrenal glands and helps regulate metabolism, blood sugar levels, and blood pressure, elevated cortisol can lead to weight gain, sleep disorders, and weakened immune function. Cortisol usually peaks in the morning, before lowering throughout the day, and it’s not recommended to raise cortisol levels chronically.